C1
It's natural to eat meat.
Appeal to nature: natural doesn't mean right
Full chapterC2Lions eat other animals.
Lions aren't moral agents and have no alternative
Full chapterC3We have canine teeth; we are omnivores.
Being able to eat it isn't needing to; anatomy creates no duty
Full chapterC4We're at the top of the food chain.
Ecologically false (the average human trophic level is about 2.2) and morally irrelevant
Full chapterC5Eating meat made us evolve.
An adaptive past doesn't dictate present morality
Full chapterC6Might makes right.
Social Darwinism: it describes a process, not a norm
Full chapterC7It's the circle of life.
A euphemism: breeding, confining and slaughtering is an industry, not a natural cycle
Full chapterC8If we don't eat them, animals will take over the planet.
Gets the cause backwards: there are so many because they're bred
Full chapterC9Farm animals exist for this.
An imposed purpose: the "function" is assigned by whoever profits
Full chapterC10Cows need to be milked.
Only because they were made pregnant and bred for overproduction
Full chapterC11We naturally crave meat.
A learned and reinforced preference; desire is no justification
Full chapter